噴灌技術是一種模擬天然降水對植物提供可控制灌水的灌水技術，具有節水、適應性強、灌溉效果好、能有效降低土壤板結和鹽堿化的優勢。一套完整的噴灌系統主要由水源、加壓設備、過濾設備、管道、噴頭、控制設備和其他輔助設備組成。園林工程噴灌系統也由這幾項基本模塊組成。但由于其工作環境、使用水源和灌溉對象的不同，園林工程噴灌系統又形成了其特有的技術特點，主要有以下三點：

      （1）地(di)形復(fu)雜程(cheng)度不同，造(zao)成噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)布置(zhi)的(de)差(cha)異。農業工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)設(she)備基(ji)本上(shang)多為(wei)(wei)在(zai)經過(guo)整修(xiu)的(de)農田上(shang)使用，地(di)形比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)規(gui)則(ze)和(he)平整，地(di)面(mian)建筑物比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)少。園林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由(you)于造(zao)景的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，一般會有地(di)形的(de)高低(di)起伏，地(di)塊多為(wei)(wei)不規(gui)則(ze)形狀，造(zao)景建筑物、道路(lu)和(he)供人休(xiu)憩的(de)附(fu)屬建筑物比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)多，噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統(tong)：工(gong)(gong)作的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中不能妨礙人們在(zai)園林(lin)中的(de)休(xiu)憩活動，因此就形成了(le)園林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)雜，主要(yao)表現在(zai)管道布置(zhi)和(he)噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)布置(zhi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)雜。在(zai)基(ji)本遵循三(san)角(jiao)型或者矩形的(de)噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)布置(zhi)原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)前提下需(xu)要(yao)對噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)布置(zhi)進行調整，以(yi)滿足與園林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)完美(mei)結合(he)。由(you)于復(fu)雜的(de)管網設(she)計(ji)，園林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)管網需(xu)要(yao)進行詳細的(de)水力計(ji)算，一般要(yao)運(yun)用多種計(ji)算方法校驗設(she)計(ji)，以(yi)保證每(mei)一個(ge)噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)能夠(gou)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作，保證整個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)安全高效運(yun)行。

      （2）水(shui)源(yuan)不同(tong)，造成(cheng)兩者設(she)備(bei)組(zu)成(cheng)不同(tong)。目前我國的城市園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化工程(cheng)(cheng)噴(pen)(pen)灌系(xi)統(tong)水(shui)源(yuan)主要連(lian)接(jie)城市供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)，由(you)于(yu)城市供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的水(shui)質(zhi)多(duo)為(wei) I 類水(shui)，雜質(zhi)含量極低，因此園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化噴(pen)(pen)灌系(xi)統(tong)一般(ban)不配備(bei)過(guo)濾(lv)設(she)備(bei)。園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化工程(cheng)(cheng)噴(pen)(pen)灌系(xi)統(tong)中為(wei)了防止噴(pen)(pen)頭堵塞，一般(ban)在噴(pen)(pen)頭內設(she)計有濾(lv)網過(guo)濾(lv)。

      （3）灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)對(dui)象不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，造成設計的(de)(de)復雜(za)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。農(nong)業噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統服務對(dui)象比較具體(ti)單(dan)一，因(yin)此在灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定額和灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理等方面影響(xiang)因(yin)素比較具體(ti)，各種農(nong)作物在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)生長時期的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量需(xu)要也有比較具體(ti)的(de)(de)參考數(shu)值。而(er)園(yuan)(yuan)林綠化多采用喬灌(guan)結(jie)合，多種植物組(zu)團，各種植物對(dui)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)具有很(hen)大差異，因(yin)此在設計噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統時必須考慮不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)植物在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時期對(dui)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)，盡量采用不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)強(qiang)度(du)，避免植物缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)死(si)(si)亡或過(guo)度(du)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)澇漬死(si)(si)亡。所以在農(nong)業噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統中(zhong)，一個具體(ti)的(de)(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)單(dan)元，一般(ban)只采用一種噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)；園(yuan)(yuan)林綠化工(gong)程(cheng)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)系(xi)統中(zhong)，在一個噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)分區中(zhong)，一般(ban)情況(kuang)下會采用多種噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)組(zu)合，以滿足不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)植物對(dui)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。

      大多數園林綠地都是一個由(you)喬、灌、花、草等多種植(zhi)物(wu)組成(cheng)的(de)人工(gong)生態群落(luo)，不同(tong)植(zhi)物(wu)對(dui)水(shui)分的(de)需求也不同(tong)。作為向植(zhi)物(wu)供(gong)水(shui)的(de)灌溉系(xi)統，也應當(dang)根(gen)據不同(tong)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)需水(shui)規(gui)律和需水(shui)量向植(zhi)物(wu)提供(gong)“精準(zhun)”灌溉。

      未來(lai)的(de)園林綠地(di)(di)(di)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)系統(tong)，將會打(da)破噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)界限(xian)，在(zai)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區域中(zhong)也包(bao)括(kuo)滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、微(wei)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、滴箭、涌泉灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、樹木根(gen)部灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)等(deng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)微(wei)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)式，將不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)納入同(tong)(tong)一個灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)系統(tong)，以滿足綠地(di)(di)(di)植物群落多元化的(de)要求。例(li)如，綠地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)的(de)喬、灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)木實行滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、地(di)(di)(di)下滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，草坪實行噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，同(tong)(tong)時園林綠地(di)(di)(di)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)面及基(ji)層還具備雨水(shui)積蓄和保水(shui)功能(neng)。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)植物具有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)根(gen)系層深度(du)，有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)吸水(shui)范圍，可以將地(di)(di)(di)上灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、地(di)(di)(di)面灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、淺層灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、深層灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)結合(he)起來(lai)，將降水(shui)、灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)和地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)統(tong)一調配，形(xing)成綜合(he)的(de)綠地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)分(fen)管理體。